During the last decades, heavy metals, such as lead, cadmium, mercury, are the primary toxic contaminants of the continuous risk for human and animal health and may be considered one of the most critical public concerns in food safety and the environment worldwide. Unlike carbon-based contaminants that can be thoroughly degraded, heavy metals are not biodegradable and transform in only a limited number of ways, which lead to the accumulation in the human body with side effects and toxicity for a long time. https://small-molecule-antibody.creative-biolabs.com/heavy-metals-hapten-design-and-synthesis.htm