Skin tanning is the process by which skin darkens or browns due to exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. This occurs when UV rays stimulate the production of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color, as a natural defense to protect deeper layers from damage. There are two types of tanning: immediate, from UVA rays, and delayed, from UVB rays. While some seek tanned skin for cosmetic reasons, excessive UV exposure increases the risk of sunburn, premature aging, and skin cancer, particularly melanoma. Using sunscreen and limiting sun exposure helps reduce these risks.

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